📑 Quick Navigation
1Select All Data from a Table
Retrieve all rows and columns from a table
SELECT * FROM TableName;
2Select Specific Columns
Retrieve only the columns you need
SELECT Column1, Column2 FROM TableName;
3Filter Rows (WHERE Clause)
Retrieve rows that match a specific condition
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column1 = 'Value';
4Sort Results (ORDER BY)
Sort results in ascending or descending order
SELECT * FROM TableName ORDER BY Column1 ASC; -- or DESC
5Limit Results (TOP / OFFSET-FETCH)
Retrieve a limited number of rows
SELECT TOP 10 * FROM TableName;
Modern approach (SQL Server 2012+):
SELECT * FROM TableName ORDER BY Column1 OFFSET 0 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;
6Aggregate Functions
Calculate COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TableName;
SELECT SUM(Column1) FROM TableName;
SELECT AVG(Column1) FROM TableName;
7GROUP BY
Group rows and apply aggregate functions
SELECT Column1, COUNT(*) FROM TableName GROUP BY Column1;
8JOINs
Combine data from multiple tables
INNER JOIN:
SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TableA a
INNER JOIN TableB b ON a.Key = b.Key;
LEFT JOIN:
SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TableA a
LEFT JOIN TableB b ON a.Key = b.Key;
RIGHT JOIN:
SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TableA a
RIGHT JOIN TableB b ON a.Key = b.Key;
FULL OUTER JOIN:
SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TableA a
FULL OUTER JOIN TableB b ON a.Key = b.Key;
9INSERT
Add new rows to a table
INSERT INTO TableName (Col1, Col2) VALUES ('Val1', 'Val2');
10UPDATE
Modify existing data in a table
UPDATE TableName SET Col1 = 'NewValue' WHERE Col2 = 'SomeValue';
11DELETE
Remove rows from a table
DELETE FROM TableName WHERE Col1 = 'Value';
12DISTINCT
Retrieve unique/distinct values
SELECT DISTINCT Column1 FROM TableName;
13IN and BETWEEN
Filter rows using multiple values or ranges
IN clause:
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column1 IN ('Val1', 'Val2');
BETWEEN clause:
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column2 BETWEEN 10 AND 20;
14LIKE (Wildcard Search)
Search for patterns in text
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column1 LIKE '%pattern%';
15NULL Checks
Handle NULL values in queries
Check for NULL:
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column1 IS NULL;
Check for NOT NULL:
SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Column1 IS NOT NULL;
16HAVING (Filter Groups)
Filter grouped results with aggregate functions
SELECT Column1, COUNT(*) FROM TableName GROUP BY Column1 HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
17CASE Statement
Conditional logic in queries
SELECT Column1,
CASE WHEN Column2 > 100 THEN 'High' ELSE 'Low' END AS Category
FROM TableName;